| ᠬᠠᠷᠡ ᠲᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠪᠤᠷᠦ ᠲᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠨᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠲᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠡ | ᠲᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨᠳᠠᠢ᠂ ᠪᠤᠷᠦ ᠲᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠡᠩᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠡ | ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠡ᠃ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠦᠯᠡᠲᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠮᠬᠢᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯ | ︵ᠽᠠᠨᠳᠠᠨ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠬᠢᠳᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢ 1917 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠡ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ | ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠡ᠃ | 1990 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠡᠪᠤᠯᠠᠭ ᠰᠤᠮᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠳᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠤᠷᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠤᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠᠳ — ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠤᠤᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ 1888 ᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠬᠦᠶᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨᠲᠡᠬᠢ ᠤᠷᠬᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠳᠤ | ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ 1872—1888 ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠳᠠᠯᠡ 16 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠡ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠦ ᠨᠢ | ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠡᠯ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠡ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠲᠦ ᠬᠠᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠦ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠲᠡᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠲᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠨᠢ | 1917 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠤᠤᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠠᠤᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠲᠦ | ᠬᠠᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠡ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠱᠤᠷᠤᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠦ᠂ | ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠳᠦ ᠬᠠᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠨᠤᠮᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠵᠡᠷ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ | ᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠩᠬᠤᠯᠠᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠ᠃ | ᠴᠤᠬᠤᠮ ᠲᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠲᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠭ᠋ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠳᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠵᠦ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠡ᠃ ᠲᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ 1800 ᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠡᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡ | ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠ᠃ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠤᠰ | ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ 1962 ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠲᠦ ᠬᠠᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠵᠡᠷ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠡ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ | ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠨᠵᠤᠤᠷ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠨᠵᠤᠤᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠪᠡ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠲᠦ ᠬᠠᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠡᠨ ︽ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢ︾ ︵ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠮᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷ︶ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠷᠤᠩᠭᠠ ᠬᠡᠲᠡᠭ ᠬᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠴᠢᠵᠦ | ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠬᠠᠤᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠯᠲᠦ ᠲᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠪᠠᠴᠢᠬᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠡ᠃ | ᠲᠤᠰ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠴᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠡᠮᠴᠦᠭᠳᠤᠩᠷᠤᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠸᠢᠽᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ | ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠪᠡ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠮᠦᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ | ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠦ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠡ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠯᠳᠤᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠢᠪᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠦᠢᠳᠭᠡᠭᠲᠡᠵᠦ | ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠡ᠃ | | |